\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u064e\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0625\u0630\u0652 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u0650\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644: \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0650\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (Knowledge Debt)<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 (codebase)\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 (identify risks) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 (investigate defects) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0650\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 (patterns) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u0651\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (outsourced teams) \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0650\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u064e\u0637\u0651\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 (user experience) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (business logic) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 (interactions between features) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (automated testing) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651\u064a (scripted testing). \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 (checklist execution).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 (QA outsourcing) \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 (cost reduction) \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 (improved quality). \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0636\u062d\u0651\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064e\u0635\u0652\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 (regressions) \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062c\u064f\u0647\u0652\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 (root-cause analysis) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u064f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 (investigation) \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (increased rework) \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 (procedural).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 regression testing \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 (predefined test suites). \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (high-value) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (exploratory testing) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 (release validation) \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 (quality strategy) \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 (user experience) \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0650\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0629 (sustainable software quality) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (operational efficiency) \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0643\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (context is not a luxury, it is a competitive advantage).<\/p>\n\n\n\n * \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: https:\/\/www.softwaretestingmagazine.com\/knowledge\/the-hidden-knowledge-debt-behind-qa-outsourcing<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0642\u0650\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3482,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[593,1392,1388,918,836,1391,276,515,588,1393,85,1389,800],"class_list":["post-3475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-testing","tag-exploratory-testing","tag-knowledge-debt","tag-qa-outsourcing","tag-quality-assurance","tag-regression-testing","tag-software-quality","tag-software-testing","tag-testing","tag-588","tag-1393","tag-85","tag-1389","tag-800","post_format-post-format-image"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.AnwarBosbool.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629-\u0628\u0641\u0631\u0642-\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.AnwarBosbool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.AnwarBosbool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.AnwarBosbool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.AnwarBosbool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.AnwarBosbool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3475"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/www.AnwarBosbool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3540,"href":"https:\/\/www.AnwarBosbool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3475\/revisions\/3540"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.AnwarBosbool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.AnwarBosbool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.AnwarBosbool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.AnwarBosbool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}